The lightly micro-polluted raw water of Yangtze River (YRW) in autumn was treated via enhanced coagulation by composite coagulants composed of polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PDMDAAC), named PAC/PDMDAAC. Coagulation mechanism and removal efficiency were investigated by assessing the water quality parameters of the resulting supernatant, i.e. turbidity, COD Mn, and NH3-N, at the same dosage and supernatant turbidity (SDST) point as using PAC only, with controlled residual turbidity of 1.0-1.50 NTU to mimic drinking water production plant supernatant condition when using lightly micro-polluted water as raw water source . In addition, the zeta potential, floc morphology, and size analysis under the condition of SDST using PAC and composite coagulants PAC/PDMDAAC for getting insight about removal mechanism were done. The results showed that, firstly, most of the composite coagulants PAC/PDMDAAC with intrinsic viscosity [η] = 0.65, 1.60, and 2.6 dL/g; and mass ratio PAC:PDMDAAC of 5:1, 10:1, and 20:1 (mm)) could meet the requirements of controlled supernatant turbidity between 1.0 and 1.5 NTU to mimic drinking water production plant condition using YRW (Nanjing section) that comply with the new national drinking water standards. Secondly, the seven kinds of composite coagulants PAC/PDMDAAC can maintained the advantage of enhanced coagulation removal efficiency within the SDST point as using PAC only. The COD Mn and ammonia nitrogen removal rates using composite coagulants at SDST points were 0-6.19 %; 0-15.62%, respectively higher than using PAC only. Finally, this study deepened and expanded the existing research knowledge about composite coagulant PAC/PDMDAAC and offered the maximum limitations in removing the water quality parameters via enhanced coagulation treatment of lightly micro-polluted surface raw water in order to meet new national drinking water standards.

Abstract Introduction: Propofol is a widely used anesthetic and its dose is closely related to aging. Telomere length (TL) is a unique heritable trait, and emerging as a biomarker of aging, health and disease. Telomerase RNA component (TERC) plays an important role in maintaining TL. We proposed a hypothesis that propofol dose in general anesthesia can be predicted by measuring TL before operation, which greatly reduced the risk of anesthesia, especially the elderly. Methods: The association between the propofol dose in anesthesia induction and: TL in the DNA of peripheral blood leukocytes; body weight; sex; difference of the Bispectral Index (BIS) before and after anesthesia induction in patients was evaluated by multivariable linear regression analyses. The mutation at the 5’end or 3’end of TERC was detected. We recruited 100 patients of elective surgery. Results: We found that propofol dose in anesthesia induction was clearly correlated significantly with TL (r = 0.78, p < 0.001), body weight (r = 0.84, p = 0.004), sex (r = 0.83, p= 0.84, p = 0.004), sex (r = 0.83, p = 0.004), and difference of BIS before and after anesthesia induction (r = 0.85, p = 0.029). By comparing the absolute values of standardized regression coefficients (0.58, 0.21, 0.19, and 0.12) of the four variables, it can be seen that TL contributes the most to the propofol dose in anesthesia induction. However, the mutation at the 5’ end or 3’ end of TERC was not found. Conclusions: These findings provide preliminary evidence that the propofol dose in anesthesia induction was clearly correlated with genetically determined TL. TL may be a promising predictor of the propofol dose, which is beneficial to improve the safety of anesthesia and reduce perioperative complications.

ABSTRACT In soybeans from different years, the infrared spectroscopy waveforms exhibit similarities, yet variations in aging time lead to significant differences in their fatty acid content. To rapidly discern the year of soybean production, this study employed ten feature extraction algorithms in conjunction with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to establish models for classifying soybeans from different years (2019, 2020, and 2021). The research findings reveal the following: (1) The CNN models, after feature extraction, all demonstrated improved accuracy. Notably, the optimal models for both powdered and granulated states were the Kpca-CNN models, achieving an accuracy of 100%. The corresponding loss function values were 0.0002 and 0.0007, with processing times of 0.19 seconds and 0.20 seconds, respectively. (2) The modeling results of all models suggest that the classification accuracy of soybean powder spectral data is higher compared to soybean particle spectral data. (3) Validation of the optimal Kpca-CNN model confirmed its consistent accuracy of 100% when introducing new data or reducing the size of the training dataset. In conclusion, the fusion of near-infrared spectroscopy analysis and CNN technology is considered an effective method for classifying soybeans from different years. This method provides a practical solution for the rapid and precise determination of seed production years.

Abstract Background stewart-treves syndrome (STS) is an angiosarcoma associated with chronic lymphedema. Objectives This article analyses the characteristics of twenty-two patients and proposes active intervention in lymphedema and the early diagnosis of STS. Methods Twenty-two patients with STS were diagnosed at the centre over an 11-year period. Clinical manifestations, a series of conventional analyses, and histopathology were used to study these cases retrospectively. Results The age range of 22 patients with STS was 15 to 78 years. The main clinical manifestations included multiple skin and subcutaneous nodules and scattered red or purplish-red rashes in the lymphoedematous limbs. These patients often showed clinical symptoms such as lymphedema, weakness, emaciation, pain, mass, lymphadenopathy and so on. The positive rates of ultrasonography, MRI and radionuclide imaging were 66.7% (6/9), 92.3% (12/13) and 18.2% (2/11), respectively. The main points regarding active intervention in lymphedema and early diagnosis of STS were summarized. Study limitations Since this was a retrospective study, the main points summarized by the author need to be further quantified in clinical work to guide the diagnosis of this kind of disease more conveniently. In addition, further clinical trials are needed to evaluate the role of lymphedema in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors. Conclusions STS can appear in lymphoedematous tissue many years after lymphedema onset. To avoid delays in the diagnosis and therapy of STS, physicians should actively look for signs or symptoms of malignant lymphedema during the follow-up period and promptly manage patients developing problems.

Abstract Objective: To investigate the optimal timing of initial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment in Kawasaki disease (KD) patients. Methods: KD patients were classified as the early group (day 1-4), conventional group (day 5-7), conventional group (day 8-10), and late group (after day 10). Differences among the groups were analyzed by ANOVA and Chi-square analysis. Predictors of IVIG resistance and the optimal cut-off value were determined by multiple logistic regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: There were no significant differences in IVIG resistance among the 4 groups (p = 0.335). The sensitivity analysis also confirmed no difference in the IVIG resistance between those who started the initial IVIG ≤ day 7 of illness and those who received IVIG >day 7 of illness (p = 0.761). In addition, patients who received IVIG administration more than 7 days from the onset had a higher proportion of coronary artery abnormalities (p = 0.034) and longer length of hospitalization (p = 0.033) than those who started IVIG administration less than 7 days. The optimal cut-off value of initial IVIG administration time for predicting IVIG resistance was >7 days, with a sensitivity of 75.25% and specificity of 82.41%. Conclusions: IVIG therapy within 7 days of illness is found to be more effective for reducing the risk of coronary artery abnormalities than those who received IVIG >day 7 of illness. IVIG treatment within the 7 days of illness seems to be the optimal therapeutic window of IVIG. However, further prospective studies with long-term follow-up are required.

RESUMO Introdução: A preparação física do atleta é a base para melhorar suas habilidades no vôlei e o treinamento físico pode ter um papel essencial em todo o processo no treino dos jogadores de voleibol resultando na melhora do nível de função física dos jogadores de vôlei e alterar a estrutura da conformação corporal. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos do treinamento físico na qualidade geral dos jogadores de voleibol. Métodos: Vários jogadores de voleibol foram selecionados aleatoriamente e submetidos a dois meses de treinamento físico embasado na literatura da teoria científica. Foram utilizadas estatísticas matemáticas para analisar os indicadores de aptidão física e desempenho dos jogadores de voleibol antes e depois do treinamento físico. Resultados: A aptidão física dos jogadores de vôlei foi significativamente aprimorada após dois meses de treinamento físico (P<0,05). O desempenho dos jogadores de voleibol melhorou após o treinamento físico (P<0,05). Conclusão: A agilidade física dos jogadores de voleibol é aprimorada quando submetida ao treinamento físico sistemático. Após o treinamento físico, a qualidade da velocidade dos jogadores de voleibol pode ser significativamente melhorada. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Athletes’ physical fitness is the basis for improving their volleyball skills, and physical training can play an essential role in the whole process of training volleyball players resulting in improving the level of physical function of volleyball players and changing the structure of body conformation. Objective: Analyze the effects of physical training on the overall quality of volleyball players. Methods: Several volleyball players were randomly selected and submitted to two months of physical training based on scientific theory literature. We used mathematical statistics to analyze the fitness and performance indicators of volleyball players before and after physical training. Results: The physical fitness of volleyball players was significantly improved after two months of physical training (P<0.05). The performance of volleyball players improved after physical training (P<0.05). Conclusion: Physical agility of volleyball players is improved when submitted to systematic physical training. After physical training, the velocity quality of volleyball players can be significantly improved. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: La condición física del deportista es la base para mejorar sus habilidades en el voleibol y el entrenamiento físico puede desempeñar un papel esencial en todo el proceso de formación de los jugadores de voleibol, lo que resulta en la mejora del nivel de la función física de los jugadores de voleibol y el cambio de la estructura de la conformación del cuerpo. Objetivo: Analizar los efectos del entrenamiento físico en la calidad general de los jugadores de voleibol. Métodos: Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente varios jugadores de voleibol y se los sometió a dos meses de entrenamiento físico basado en la literatura teórica científica. Se utilizó la estadística matemática para analizar la aptitud física y los indicadores de rendimiento de los jugadores de voleibol antes y después del entrenamiento físico. Resultados: La aptitud física de los jugadores de voleibol mejoró significativamente tras dos meses de entrenamiento físico (P<0,05). El rendimiento de los jugadores de voleibol mejoró tras el entrenamiento físico (P<0,05). Conclusión: La agilidad física de los jugadores de voleibol mejora cuando se los somete a un entrenamiento físico sistemático. Tras el entrenamiento físico, la calidad de la velocidad de los jugadores de voleibol puede mejorar considerablemente. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Abstract Objective Immunotherapy has been proven to improve the prognosis of patients with advanced malignancy but has shown limited efficacy in patients with Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Increasing evidence suggests that butyrate, a bacterial metabolite, enhances the efficacy of cancer therapies by modulating immune responses. Here, the effect and the mechanism of butyrate on anti-PD-L1 therapy were investigated in CRC. Methods The expression of PD-L1 and STAT1, and the lysine acetylation of STAT1 in CRC cells were observed after treatment with butyrate (2, 5, and 10 mM) for 24h or butyrate (5 mM) for 8, 16, and 24h. Site-directed mutations of STAT1 (K410R or K413R) were introduced to determine the role of STAT1 acetylation in modulating PD-L1 expression. The effect of butyrate on the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T-cells against CRC cells with or without PD-L1 overexpression was explored in vitro and in vivo. Results Butyrate could suppress IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 up-regulation in CRC cells in a dose- and time-dependent way. Butyrate promoted the lysine acetylation of STAT1 to reduce STAT1 expression. Non-acetylated mutant STAT1 not only ameliorated butyrate-induced suppression of lysine acetylation and nuclear translocation of STAT1 but also blocked the effect of butyrate on PD-L1. Butyrate attenuated the IFN-γ-induced impairment of CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity against CRC cells. Meanwhile, butyrate suppressed CRC tumor growth by enhancing CD8+ T-cell infiltration. However, directly overexpressing PD-L1 in CRC cells could abolish the effect of butyrate. Conclusion Butyrate strengthens the immune response to CRC cells by suppressing PD-L1 expression via acetylation of STAT1.

Abstract Objective Abnormal complement activation is associated with periodontitis. W54011 is a novel non-peptide C5aR antagonist (C5aRA) that exhibits favorable anti-inflammatory effects in various inflammatory models. However, whether W54011 inhibits periodontitis has not yet been fully elucidated. To address this, we have investigated the probable anti-inflammatory mechanism of W54011 in LPS-treated inflammation in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Methodology HGFs were isolated from healthy gingival tissue samples using the tissue block method and were identified with immunofluorescence staining. The CCK8 assay and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) were used to select the optimal induction conditions for Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and C5aRA (according to supplementary data S1, S2 and S3). The levels of inflammatory cytokines, C5aR, and the activation of NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways were determined by RT-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting. Results Immunofluorescence results showed that vimentin and FSP-1 were positive in HGFs and Keratin was negative in HGFs. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that C5aRA inhibited LPS-stimulated nuclear translocation of p-p65. RT-qPCR and Western blotting showed that C5aRA reduced the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, C5aR, p-p65, p-IκBα, p-JNK, p-c-JUN, and TLR4 in LPS-induced HGFs. Conclusion These findings suggested that C5aRA attenuated the release of inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced HGFs by blocking the activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.

Abstract Objectives: Lung cancer was one of the most common malignancies around the world. It has great significance in to search for the mechanism of occurrence and development of lung cancer. LIM Domain Binding protein 2 (LDB2) belongs to the LIM-domain binding family, it can be used as a binding protein that combined with other transcription factors to form the transcription complex for regulating the expression of target genes. The expression of microRNA-96-5p (miR-96-5p) has been investigated in various tumors. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential role of LDB2 and miR-96-5p in lung cancer. Methods: Real-time quantitative PCR was applied to detect the expression of LDB2 and miR-96-5p. The proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of H1299 cells were analyzed by CCK8, transwell, and wound healing assay after LDB2 or miR-96-5p transfection. Luciferase activities assay and western blot were used to reveal the targeted regulation between LDB2 and miR-96-5p. Results: Here the authors found LDB2 was down-regulated in lung cancer tissues and negatively correlated with miR-96-5p expression, it could promote or inhibit the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of H1299 cells after LDB2 knockdown or overexpression and regulate the expression of cyclinD1, MMP9, Bcl-2, and Bax via ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Furthermore, miR-96-5p exerted its function by directly binding to 3′-UTR of LDB2 and regulating expression of LDB2. miR-96-5p could promote the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of H1299 cells. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that LDB2 can act as a new regulator to inhibit cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and miR-96-5p may be a potential promising molecular by targeting LDB2 in lung cancer.

ABSTRACT Introduction: One of the focuses of research on martial arts education is how to improve the assistance of martial arts teaching through strength training directed to sports movements. Scientific contributions about the influence of these strengths can underpin athletes’ training. Objective: Study the influences of lower limb strength training on the abilities of martial arts students. Methods: 20 students from a college martial arts class were randomly selected as volunteers for the experiment. They were divided into the experimental group, which performed systematic lower limb strength training according to a specific protocol, and the control group, which performed traditional exercise, and basic physical training in the physical education institute. The experiment lasted eight weeks. The relevant data were analyzed statistically. Results: Left unipodal balance ability in the experimental group increased from 43.646s before training to 56.110s, with an increased rate of 22.213%; right unipodal balance ability increased from 43.845s before training to 57.126s, with an increased rate of 23.249%. Conclusion: It is recommended to integrate targeted training methods, such as lower limb muscle training, into the martial arts teaching process to improve the physical quality of martial arts athletes due to the benefits observed in their teaching process. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Resumen Introducción: Uno de los focos de investigación sobre la enseñanza en artes marciales es cómo mejorar la asistencia de la enseñanza de artes marciales mediante el entrenamiento de fuerza dirigido a los movimientos deportivos. Las aportaciones científicas sobre la influencia de estas fuerzas pueden contribuir a fundamentar el entrenamiento de los deportistas. Objetivo: Estudiar la influencia del entrenamiento de la fuerza de los miembros inferiores en las habilidades de los alumnos de artes marciales. Métodos: 20 estudiantes de la clase de artes marciales de un colegio fueron seleccionados al azar como voluntarios para el experimento. Se dividieron en grupo experimental, que realizó un entrenamiento sistemático de la fuerza de las extremidades inferiores según un protocolo específico, y grupo de control, que realizó ejercicio tradicional y entrenamiento físico básico en el instituto de educación física. El experimento duró 8 semanas. Los datos pertinentes se analizaron estadísticamente. Resultados: La capacidad de equilibrio unipodal izquierda en el grupo experimental aumentó de 43,646s antes del entrenamiento a 56,110s, con una tasa de aumento del 22,213%; la capacidad de equilibrio unipodal derecho aumentó de 43,845s antes del entrenamiento a 57,126s, con una tasa de aumento del 23,249%. Conclusión: Se recomienda integrar métodos de entrenamiento dirigidos, como el entrenamiento muscular de las extremidades inferiores, en el proceso de enseñanza de las artes marciales para mejorar la calidad física de los atletas de artes marciales, debido a los beneficios observados en su proceso de enseñanza. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: Um dos focos de pesquisa sobre a educação nas artes marciais é como aprimorar a assistência do ensino das artes marciais pelo treinamento de força direcionada aos movimentos do esporte. Contribuições científicas sobre a influência desses fortalecimentos podem contribuir para embasar o treinamento dos esportistas. Objetivo: Estudar as influências do treinamento da força nos membros inferiores sobre as habilidades dos alunos de artes marciais. Métodos: 20 alunos da classe de artes marciais de uma faculdade foram selecionados aleatoriamente como voluntários para o experimento. Divididos em grupo experimental, que realizou o treinamento sistemático de fortalecimento dos membros inferiores segundo um protocolo específico, e grupo de controle, que realizou o exercício físico tradicional, e o treinamento físico básico no instituto de educação física. O experimento durou 8 semanas. Os dados relevantes foram analisados estatisticamente. Resultados: A habilidade de equilíbrio unipodal esquerdo no grupo experimental aumentou de 43.646s antes do treinamento para 56.110s, com uma taxa de aumento de 22.213%; a habilidade de equilíbrio unipodal direito aumentou de 43.845s antes do treinamento para 57.126s, com uma taxa de aumento de 23.249%. Conclusão: Recomenda-se integrar os métodos de treinamento direcionados como o treinamento muscular dos membros inferiores no processo de ensino das artes marciais para melhorar a qualidade física dos atletas de artes marciais devido aos benefícios observados em seu processo de ensino. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Abstract Objective The study explored improvements in pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in a bovine type II collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease mouse model after treatment with baricitinib and the possible mechanism of action. Methods A rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease mouse model was established, siRNA Jak2 and lentiviral vectors were transfected with human embryonic lung fibroblast cells. And the levels of relevant proteins in mouse lung tissue and human embryonic lung fibroblasts were detected by Western blotting. Results The levels of JAK2, p-JAK2, p-STAT3, p-SMAD3, SMA, TGFβR2, FN and COL4 were increased in the lung tissues of model mice (P < 0.5) and decreased after baricitinib intervention (P < 0.05). The expression levels of p-STAT3, p-SMAD3, SMA, TGFβR2, FN and COL4 were reduced after siRNA downregulation of the JAK2 gene (P < 0.01) and increased after lentiviral overexpression of the JAK2 gene (P < 0.01). Conclusion Baricitinib alleviated fibrosis in the lung tissue of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease mice, and the mechanism of action may involve the downregulation of Smad3 expression via inhibition of the Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway, with consequent inhibition of the profibrotic effect of transforming growth factor-β1.

Abstract Objectives Myocardial Infarction (MI) is the leading cause of chronic heart failure. Previous studies have suggested that Vav3, a receptor protein tyrosine kinase signal transducer, is associated with a variety of cellular signaling processes such as cell morphology regulation and cell transformation with oncogenic activity. However, the mechanism of Vav3-mediated MI development requires further investigation. Method Here, The authors established an MI rat model by ligating the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery, and an MI cell model by treating cardiomyocytes with H2O2. Microarray analysis was conducted to identify genes with differential expression in heart tissues relevant to MI occurrence and development. Vav3 was thus selected for further investigation. Results Vav3 downregulation was observed in MI heart tissue and H2O2-treated cardiomyocytes. Administration of Lentiviral Vav3 (LV-VAV3) in MI rats upregulated Vav3 expression in MI heart tissue. Restoration of Vav3 expression reduced infarct area and ameliorated cardiac function in MI rats. Cardiac inflammation, apoptosis, and upregulation of NFκB signal in heart tissue of MI animals were assessed using ELISA, TUNEL staining, real-time PCR, and WB. Vav3 overexpression reduced cardiac inflammation and apoptosis and inhibited NFκB expression and activation. Betulinic Acid (BA) was then used to re-activate NFκB in Vav3-overexpressed and H2O2-induced cardiomyocytes. The expression of P50 and P65, as well as nuclear P65, was significantly increased by BA exposure. Conclusions Vav3 might serve as a target to reduce ischemia damage by suppressing the inflammation and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. (MI failure Vav transducer activity However Vav3mediated Vavmediated mediated investigation Here artery H2O2 HO H O H2O2treated HOtreated treated LVVAV3 LVVAV LV VAV3 VAV (LV-VAV3 ELISA staining realtime real time PCR WB activation (BA reactivate re activate Vav3overexpressed Vavoverexpressed overexpressed H2O2induced HOinduced induced P P5 P65 exposure H2O (LV-VAV P6

Abstract Background Currently, only a few studies have described the general characteristics of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) who tested negatives for anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies. We aimed to further investigate the clinical characteristics of these patients in a large sample. Methods Data from patients with pSS who were treated at a tertiary hospital in China between 2013 and 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical characteristics of the patients were compared between those with and without anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibody negativity. Factors associated with anti-SSA and anti-SSB negativity were identified by logistic regression analysis. Results Overall, 934 patients with pSS were included in this study, among whom 299 (32.0%) tested negative for anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies. Compared with patients testing positive for anti-SSA or anti-SSB antibodies, that testing negative for the two antibodies had a lower proportion of females (75.3% vs. 90.6%, p < 0.001) and thrombocytopenia (6.7% vs. 13.6%, p = 0.002), but a higher proportion of abnormal Schirmer I tests (96.0% vs. 89.1%, p = 0.001) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) (59.2% vs. 28.8%, p = 0.001). Anti-SSA and anti-SSB negativity was positively associated with male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 1.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05, 3.31), abnormal Schirmer I tests (OR = 2.85, 95% CI: 1.24, 6.53), and ILD (OR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.67, 3.85). However, it was negatively related to thrombocytopenia (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.95). Conclusion Approximately one third of pSS patients had anti-SSA and anti-SSB negativity. pSS patients testing negative for anti-SSA and anti-SSB showed a higher risk of abnormal Schirmer I tests and ILD, but a lower risk of thrombocytopenia.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To observe the effect of puerarin on renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats, and to explore its mechanism based on NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway. Methods: Twenty-one Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham-operated group (sham), model group (RIRI), and puerarin treatment group (RIRI + Pue). The model of acute renal I/R injury was established by cutting the right kidney and clamping the left renal pedicle for 45 min. Results: Renal function parameters were statistically significant in group comparisons. The renal tissue structure of rats in sham group was basically normal. Pathological changes were observed in the RIRI group. The renal pathological damage score and apoptosis rate in the RIRI group were higher than those in the sham group, and significantly lower in the RIRI + Pue group than in the RIRI group. Indicators of oxidative stress–superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and glutathione peroxidase–were statistically significant in group comparisons. Compared with the sham group, the relative expressions of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and GSDMD proteins in the RIRI group were increased. Compared with the RIRI group, the RIRI + Pue group had significant reductions. Conclusions: Puerarin can inhibit the activation of NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway, inhibit inflammatory response and pyroptosis, and enhance the antioxidant capacity of kidney, thereby protecting renal I/R injury in rats.

RESUMO Objetivos: Investigar a incidência, fatores de risco e desfechos visuais do desenvolvimento da membrana epirretiniana após reparo do descolamento regmatogênico da retina. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo de 309 olhos submetidos à cirurgia inicial para descolamento regmatogênico da retina primário sem complicações. Os exames foram realizados no pré-operatório aos 1, 3, 6 e 12 meses pós-operatórios. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos, dependendo da presença ou ausência de membrana epirretiniana. Resultados: A incidência de membrana epirretiniana pós-operatória foi de 28,5%; 42,7% desses pacientes apresentaram desenvolvimento grave da membrana epirretiniana e, portanto, foram submetidos à remoção desta membrana. A regressão logística mostrou que as lágrimas retinianas gigantes (RC: 2,66; 95% IC: 1,045 - 6,792, p=0,040) e lágrimas em ferradura (RC: 0,534; 95% IC: 0,295-0,967, p=0,039), foram preditores significativos de membrana epirretiniana pós-operatória. A coloração com acetonida de triancinolona foi significativamente associada à prevenção da membrana epirretiniana (p=0,022). Trinta e quatro pacientes apresentaram acuidade visual melhorada, ou igual, ou acuidade visual final melhor corrigida; 4 olhos foram avaliados na consulta final de acompanhamento e apresentaram redução da acuidade visual melhor corrigida. Conclusão: Nossa análise demonstra que as lágrimas de ferradura e as lágrimas retinianas gigantes representam fatores de risco para a membrana epirretiniana pós-operatória. A coloração com acetonida de triancinolona teve um efeito preventivo significativo na membrana epirretiniana no pós-operatório. Além disso, uma segunda rodada de vitrectomia pars plana, incluindo remoção da membrana, levou a uma melhora significativa da acuidade visual final melhor corrigida na última consulta de acompanhamento, embora a recuperação tenha sido limitada.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the incidence, risk factors, and visual outcomes of epiretinal membrane development following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 309 eyes that underwent initial surgery for primary uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Examinations were conducted preoperatively and then postoperatively at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. The study patients were categorized into two groups depending on the presence or absence of the epiretinal membrane. Results: The incidence of postoperative epiretinal membrane was 28.5%; 42.7% of these patients had severe epiretinal membrane development and therefore underwent the epiretinal membrane removal. Logistic regression analyses revealed that giant retinal tears (OR: 2.66; 95% CI: 1.045-6.792, p=0.040) and horseshoe tears (OR: 0.534; 95% CI: 0.295-0.967, p=0.039) were the significant predictors of postoperative epiretinal membrane. Triamcinolone acetonide staining was significantly associated with the prevention of epiretinal membrane (p=0.022). A total of 34 patients showed a better or an equal final best-corrected visual acuity; of which 4 eyes were evaluated at the final follow-up visit and exhibited a reduced best-corrected visual acuity. Conclusion: Our analysis demonstrated that horseshoe tears and giant retinal tears represent the risk factors for the postoperative epiretinal membrane. Triamcinolone acetonide staining had a significant preventive effect on the postoperative epiretinal membrane. Furthermore, a second round of pars plana vitrectomy, including membrane removal, led to a significant improvement in the final best-corrected visual acuity as per the last follow-up examination, albeit the recovery was limited.